…..will link it under Editorials for reference….
It seems that many of the hard money persuasion are split on whether we will see a deflationary or inflationary outcome to the current credit crisis. Although it may seem to be a paradox, deflationary pressures are going to cause monetary inflation and it’s resulting rise in most prices.
Definitions are in order as well as a brief examination of our current money system. Inflation being an expansion of the money supply which results in higher prices whereas deflation is a contraction of the money supply with the consequent falling prices in terms of the money which is being deflated.
It is important to grasp the fact that money is created, in our modern fiat world, by being loaned into existence. This process creates an attendant amount of debt which must exceed the actual money supply because of interest obligations. It is this higher level of debt which constantly threatens to consume MZM ( money at zero maturity) and lead to a deflationary spiral. This system requires the monetary authorities to find new borrowers in order to expand the money supply and keep the deflationary pressures in check. If all debt was to be repaid, both private and public; all the cash in circulation would end up in bank vaults. This is the greatest flaw to our modern debt based money and is why it is unsustainable over the longer term. Currently a global crisis of confidence is occurring as financial institutions are inundated with non performing debt in the form of structured investment vehicles (SIV’s). As this debt is either frozen or written down in value it exerts a huge deflationary pressure which, paradoxically; is going to lead to inflation and resulting higher prices.
Those who advocate for a deflationary outcome often cite the example of the first great depression and the Fed’s low rate policy having little effect. ‘Pushing on a string”, is how they describe the unwillingness to borrow and put more money into the system. This was in spite of favorable interest rates and a Fed eager to extend credit. The only other tool the Fed had at it’s disposal to counter the deflationary pressure was the act of buying debt from distressed institutions and effectively monetizing it. Monetizing was actually done by both the Fed and the Bank of Canada, however; the amounts were very small relative to the overall debts. There were limitations to monetization that do not apply to the current system.
Aside from government debt, which was considerably lower in the late twenties; debt from that era was connected to tangible collateral. With a currency that was redeemable in gold, loans had to reflect that inherent value in the form of liens on real property. This created an issue with monetization because to do so would entail an actual transfer of property. How would folks have reacted had the Federal Reserve System started to come into possession of all the delinquent mortgages or enterprises in America in the 1930’s? Such a transfer of real wealth would have laid bare the complete and utter fraud that the money system represented after it’s severance (for Americans) from the gold standard in 1933. There is a very important difference now that is often overlooked.
Today we see great amounts of debt that allude to some tangible value yet are in fact clearly separate from such. Collateralized debt obligations (CDO’s) and/or mortgage backed obligations (MBO’s) are the best example. These are typically the problem component in most SIV’s which have infected global financial institutions. The recent ruling in an Ohio court in which Deutsche Bank was unable to repossess delinquent properties because they were unable to prove they held the actual title raises a salient point concerning a good deal of modern mortgage debt. Securitization has detached mortgage debt from it’s collateral or actual property. This may seem a disaster for the banks who hold such debt but it allows central banks to purchase this debt without having to evict delinquent occupants or otherwise take possession through an actual transfer of title.
Deflationary pressures are going to grow only as more debt is written down or completely off from lenders’ books. Central banks that have been providing liquidity by giving short term loans for ever increasingly questionable debt (Repo’s) are now poised where they can actually buy such debt outright. This would restore solvency to many troubled institutions and negate any remaining moral hazard on future loans. There is another source of money and inflation that many now view as a huge threat to the global financial system.
There have been a whole new set of financial products created which offer insurance against defaults and the resulting rate spreads due to perception of risk. These are what we know as over the counter derivatives. They are not regulated and many are valued based on models rather than actual market trades. The current notional value of these instruments is staggering. There are those who argue that these instruments represent a serious threat to the well being of the global financial system. That is true only if the institutions that offer them would be forced to meet their counterparty obligations should they find themselves on the wrong side of a multi billion dollar bet.
Instead one should view these instruments as a conduit to provide money to financial institutions who have utilized them as insurance against, among other things; deflationary forces. Central banks will continue to lower the threshold of qualified paper taken initially on repo’s then monetized until they actually become the “counterparty of last resort”. The inflationary implications are staggering and there can be no other recourse.
You can in fact push on a string where there is no resistance on that string such as in space. The resistance in the form of collateral transfer has effectively been removed and as long as the establishment can maintain inflationary expectations; people and enterprises will continue to borrow and spend. The result of fighting deflationary pressures will ultimately lead to hyper inflation. It is unlikely that the economy will experience any real growth in such an environment except in the realm of government statistics. The threat of real deflation will wane as the money we use will cease to be created as a result of being borrowed. Lending will continue but the financial institutions that offer loans will do so with fresh cash they have received from the sale of worthless debt as well as the monetizing of derivative obligations they or their counterparties hold. This is the new reality of the global financial system. Deflation or the fear of deflation is something that will be trotted out or sold to the public as a form of spin to prevent wholesale flight from respective currencies when it suits the establishment to do so.
Jack Fortin December 2007
Jack is both a long term member of the Cafe as well as a GATA supporter. His hobby is motorcycling as well as safety training for new riders. He currently operates a gold and silver exchange in Red Deer,
Alberta, Canada.
www.jaxville.com